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Liability
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Under
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Facts
and information at this website are believed to be accurate at the
time they were placed on the website. Changes may be made at any time
without prior notice. All data provided on this website is to be used
for information purposes only. The information contained on this website
and pages within, is not intended to provide specific legal, financial
or tax advice, or any other advice, whatsoever, for any individual
or company and should not be relied upon in that regard. The services
described on this website are only offered in jurisdictions where
they may be legally offered. Information provided in our website is
not all-inclusive, and is limited to information that is made available
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as all-inclusive or accurate.
California
Business & Professions Code #2908
Every state has its own laws regarding the practice of hypnosis. In
California the only law that specifically defines the legality and
scope of the NLP Practitioner / Hypnotherapist is contained in California's
Business and Professions Code #2908. The following paragraph was amended
to this code. The italics were included as the result of the lobbying
efforts of Dr. John Kappas and the political influence of the Hypnotists
Union AFL-CIO.
Chapter
6.6 / California Business and Pro Code relating to Psychologists states
(in Part):
2908.î Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent qualified
members of other recognized professional groups licensed to practice
in the State of California, such as, but not limited to, physicians,
clinical social optometrists, psychiatric technicians, or psychiatric
nurses who are registered nurses in the State of California and who
work under the supervision of a licensed physician, or licensed psychologist,
or attorneys admitted to the California State Bar, or persons utilizing
hypnotic techniques by referral from persons licensed to practice
medicine, dentistry, or psychology, or persons utilizing hypnotic
techniques which offer vocational or avocational self-improvement
and do not offer therapy for emotional or mental disorders.î
LAWS
GOVERNING COUNSELING PROFESSIONALS Technically there are no laws specifically
governing the conduct of NLP and Hypnotherapists. Recent court rulings,
however, have set precedents that indicate that laws written for the
Psychologist were intended for all counseling professions. Consequently
it is wise to assume that all the legal guidelines for the conduct
of psychologists are also intended to be guidelines for NLP Practitioners
/ Hypnotherapists as well.
THE
PRIVILEGE OF CONFIDENTIALITY The client has the right to confidentiality.
This is referred to as the clients 'privilege". The therapist must
protect the clientís privilege at all times. Consequently the therapist
must never reveal to outside sources any information revealed by the
client. Before any such privileged information can be shared the therapist
must obtain, and have on record, a signed release by the client. The
release must specifically give permission to that therapist to release
the client's privileged information to a specific source. The release
must be signed and dated.
DUTY
TO INFORM The duty to inform supersedes the therapist's obligation
to protect the client's privilege. The duty to inform comes from the
landmark "Tarasoff' case in which a school psychologist was sued by
the parents of a female student who was shot by her boyfriend. The
boyfriend was a client of the school Psychologist. In the course of
treatment the boyfriend revealed to the Psychologist that he intended
to hurt the girlfriend and the Psychologist failed to warn her of
the potential for harm. Since this landmark case, counseling professionals
have the duty to inform intended victims of the potential for harm.
Note the word potential. This requires the counselor to use "professional
judgment. The court says that if the counselor has "reasonable cause"
to suspect that his client may injure another person, that the counselor
has the duty to warn the intended victim. The counselor also has the
duty to protect the client from hurting themselves, as in the case
of suicide. The counselor must take precautionary measures to protect
the client from themselves. In such circumstances the counselor then
is considered to be exempt from the obligation to protect the client's
privilege. In a court of law the counselor's professional judgment
could be questioned and that counselor would have to demonstrate that
there was indeed "probable cause" to fear injury of the intended victim.
DUTY
TO REPORT CHILD ABUSE This requirement varies in states. In California
thereís a major emphasis for all health professionals to report child
abuse. Counseling professionals are mandated by the State of California
to report all "suspected" child abuse to the Child Protective Agency.
Such reports must be phoned in 24 hours of the therapist having reasonable
cause for suspicion. A written report must follow within 72 hours.
ETHICAL
GUIDELINES Ethical guidelines are not laws, but rather guidelines
set by professional associations as accepted standards for behavior.
The guidelines set by the American Psychological Association are considered
the most standard and accepted. Copies of these standards can be obtained
from the APA. It is best if counseling professionals were to look
upon ethical guidelines as being the same as law. Following ethical
guidelines should be considered preventative behavior against professional
liability.
SECONDARY
RELATIONSHIPS A secondary relationship is a broad guideline that emphasizes
the professional role of the counselor. The professional counselor
is considered to have "undue influence" over their clientele. Without
undue influence the counselors probably could not effectively do their
job. This "vulnerability" of the client-therapist relationship is
perhaps most exaggerated when the heightened suggestibility of hypnosis
is present. The therapist is to treat this vulnerability in their
clients with the utmost respect and integrity. The primary relationship
between therapist and client should be the therapeutic one, i.e. the
therapists helping the client to reach his or her goals. Any other
relationship is considered secondary and unacceptable or unethical.
TRANSFERENCE
AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE Transference is a natural and, in many professionals'
opinions a necessary part of the therapeutic process. Simply put,
transference occurs when the client transfers, or attributes to the
therapist the feelings or emotions that they have for significant
figures in their past or just emotions they are experiencing as a
part of the therapeutic experience. Most commonly I the feelings that
are attributed to the therapist are feelings of love or hate. This
phenomenon can provide the client the safe opportunity to gain resolution
of those emotions. Counter transference is when the therapist begins
reciprocating those feelings of love or hate of the client. This is
not acceptable or ethical. The therapist should always be on the lookout
for possible counter transference emotions and should arrest them
or remove him or herself from the professional relationship.
Links
and Marks
The
owner of this site is not necessarily affiliated with sites that may
be linked to this site and is not responsible for their content. The
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its subsidiaries and affiliates at this website, do not imply the
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Certain
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granted. Any unauthorized downloading, re-transmission, or other copying
of modification of trademarks and/or the contents herein may be a
violation of federal common law trademark and/or copyright laws and
could subject the copier to legal action.
Confidentiality
of Codes, Passwords and Information
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Other
Legal Stuff
These
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This
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These
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To
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Any
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If
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location: Los Angeles, CA. Any costs and fees other than attorney
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If
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American Arbitration Association. Judgment upon award rendered by
the arbitration may be entered in any court with jurisdiction to do
so.
If
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